diff --git a/internal/application/api/api_application_service.go b/internal/application/api/api_application_service.go
index f6f5dc4..f43b270 100644
--- a/internal/application/api/api_application_service.go
+++ b/internal/application/api/api_application_service.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"tyapi-server/internal/application/api/commands"
 	"tyapi-server/internal/application/api/dto"
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ type ApiApplicationService interface {
 	GetUserApiKeys(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*dto.ApiKeysResponse, error)
 
 	// 用户白名单管理
-	GetUserWhiteList(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*dto.WhiteListListResponse, error)
-	AddWhiteListIP(ctx context.Context, userID string, ipAddress string) error
+	GetUserWhiteList(ctx context.Context, userID string, remarkKeyword string) (*dto.WhiteListListResponse, error)
+	AddWhiteListIP(ctx context.Context, userID string, ipAddress string, remark string) error
 	DeleteWhiteListIP(ctx context.Context, userID string, ipAddress string) error
 
 	// 获取用户API调用记录
@@ -466,7 +468,7 @@ func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) GetUserApiKeys(ctx context.Context, userID s
 }
 
 // GetUserWhiteList 获取用户白名单列表
-func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) GetUserWhiteList(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*dto.WhiteListListResponse, error) {
+func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) GetUserWhiteList(ctx context.Context, userID string, remarkKeyword string) (*dto.WhiteListListResponse, error) {
 	apiUser, err := s.apiUserService.LoadApiUserByUserId(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -474,28 +476,49 @@ func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) GetUserWhiteList(ctx context.Context, userID
 
 	// 确保WhiteList不为nil
 	if apiUser.WhiteList == nil {
-		apiUser.WhiteList = []string{}
+		apiUser.WhiteList = entities.WhiteList{}
 	}
 
-	// 将白名单字符串数组转换为响应格式
+	// 将白名单转换为响应格式
 	var items []dto.WhiteListResponse
-	for _, ip := range apiUser.WhiteList {
+	for _, item := range apiUser.WhiteList {
+		// 如果提供了备注关键词，进行模糊匹配过滤
+		if remarkKeyword != "" {
+			if !contains(item.Remark, remarkKeyword) {
+				continue // 不匹配则跳过
+			}
+		}
+
 		items = append(items, dto.WhiteListResponse{
 			ID:        apiUser.ID, // 使用API用户ID作为标识
 			UserID:    apiUser.UserId,
-			IPAddress: ip,
-			CreatedAt: apiUser.CreatedAt, // 使用API用户创建时间
+			IPAddress: item.IPAddress,
+			Remark:    item.Remark,  // 备注
+			CreatedAt: item.AddedAt, // 使用每个IP的实际添加时间
 		})
 	}
 
+	// 按添加时间降序排序（新的排在前面）
+	sort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return items[i].CreatedAt.After(items[j].CreatedAt)
+	})
+
 	return &dto.WhiteListListResponse{
 		Items: items,
 		Total: len(items),
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// contains 检查字符串是否包含子字符串（不区分大小写）
+func contains(s, substr string) bool {
+	if substr == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(s), strings.ToLower(substr))
+}
+
 // AddWhiteListIP 添加白名单IP
-func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) AddWhiteListIP(ctx context.Context, userID string, ipAddress string) error {
+func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) AddWhiteListIP(ctx context.Context, userID string, ipAddress string, remark string) error {
 	apiUser, err := s.apiUserService.LoadApiUserByUserId(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -503,11 +526,11 @@ func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) AddWhiteListIP(ctx context.Context, userID s
 
 	// 确保WhiteList不为nil
 	if apiUser.WhiteList == nil {
-		apiUser.WhiteList = []string{}
+		apiUser.WhiteList = entities.WhiteList{}
 	}
 
-	// 使用实体的领域方法添加IP到白名单
-	err = apiUser.AddToWhiteList(ipAddress)
+	// 使用实体的领域方法添加IP到白名单（会自动记录添加时间和备注）
+	err = apiUser.AddToWhiteList(ipAddress, remark)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -530,7 +553,7 @@ func (s *ApiApplicationServiceImpl) DeleteWhiteListIP(ctx context.Context, userI
 
 	// 确保WhiteList不为nil
 	if apiUser.WhiteList == nil {
-		apiUser.WhiteList = []string{}
+		apiUser.WhiteList = entities.WhiteList{}
 	}
 
 	// 使用实体的领域方法删除IP
diff --git a/internal/application/api/dto/api_response.go b/internal/application/api/dto/api_response.go
index c87a6bf..695b5e3 100644
--- a/internal/application/api/dto/api_response.go
+++ b/internal/application/api/dto/api_response.go
@@ -26,11 +26,13 @@ type WhiteListResponse struct {
 	ID        string    `json:"id"`
 	UserID    string    `json:"user_id"`
 	IPAddress string    `json:"ip_address"`
+	Remark    string    `json:"remark"` // 备注
 	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
 }
 
 type WhiteListRequest struct {
 	IPAddress string `json:"ip_address" binding:"required,ip"`
+	Remark    string `json:"remark"` // 备注（可选）
 }
 
 type WhiteListListResponse struct {
diff --git a/internal/domains/api/entities/api_user.go b/internal/domains/api/entities/api_user.go
index bb9d694..486262d 100644
--- a/internal/domains/api/entities/api_user.go
+++ b/internal/domains/api/entities/api_user.go
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package entities
 
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"database/sql/driver"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -18,14 +20,86 @@ const (
 	ApiUserStatusFrozen = "frozen"
 )
 
+// WhiteListItem 白名单项，包含IP地址、添加时间和备注
+type WhiteListItem struct {
+	IPAddress string    `json:"ip_address"` // IP地址
+	AddedAt   time.Time `json:"added_at"`   // 添加时间
+	Remark    string    `json:"remark"`     // 备注
+}
+
+// WhiteList 白名单类型，支持向后兼容（旧的字符串数组格式）
+type WhiteList []WhiteListItem
+
+// Value 实现 driver.Valuer 接口，用于数据库写入
+func (w WhiteList) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return "[]", nil
+	}
+	data, err := json.Marshal(w)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return string(data), nil
+}
+
+// Scan 实现 sql.Scanner 接口，用于数据库读取（支持向后兼容）
+func (w *WhiteList) Scan(value interface{}) error {
+	if value == nil {
+		*w = WhiteList{}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var bytes []byte
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case []byte:
+		bytes = v
+	case string:
+		bytes = []byte(v)
+	default:
+		return errors.New("无法扫描 WhiteList 类型")
+	}
+
+	if len(bytes) == 0 || string(bytes) == "[]" || string(bytes) == "null" {
+		*w = WhiteList{}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// 首先尝试解析为新格式（结构体数组）
+	var items []WhiteListItem
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &items); err == nil {
+		// 成功解析为新格式
+		*w = WhiteList(items)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// 如果失败，尝试解析为旧格式（字符串数组）
+	var oldFormat []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &oldFormat); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 将旧格式转换为新格式
+	now := time.Now()
+	items = make([]WhiteListItem, 0, len(oldFormat))
+	for _, ip := range oldFormat {
+		items = append(items, WhiteListItem{
+			IPAddress: ip,
+			AddedAt:   now, // 使用当前时间作为添加时间（因为旧数据没有时间信息）
+			Remark:    "",  // 旧数据没有备注信息
+		})
+	}
+	*w = WhiteList(items)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ApiUser API用户（聚合根）
 type ApiUser struct {
-	ID        string   `gorm:"primaryKey;type:varchar(64)" json:"id"`
-	UserId    string   `gorm:"type:varchar(36);not null;uniqueIndex" json:"user_id"`
-	AccessId  string   `gorm:"type:varchar(64);not null;uniqueIndex" json:"access_id"`
-	SecretKey string   `gorm:"type:varchar(128);not null" json:"secret_key"`
-	Status    string   `gorm:"type:varchar(20);not null;default:'normal'" json:"status"`
-	WhiteList []string `gorm:"type:json;serializer:json;default:'[]'" json:"white_list"` // 支持多个白名单
+	ID        string    `gorm:"primaryKey;type:varchar(64)" json:"id"`
+	UserId    string    `gorm:"type:varchar(36);not null;uniqueIndex" json:"user_id"`
+	AccessId  string    `gorm:"type:varchar(64);not null;uniqueIndex" json:"access_id"`
+	SecretKey string    `gorm:"type:varchar(128);not null" json:"secret_key"`
+	Status    string    `gorm:"type:varchar(20);not null;default:'normal'" json:"status"`
+	WhiteList WhiteList `gorm:"type:json;default:'[]'" json:"white_list"` // 支持多个白名单，包含IP和添加时间，支持向后兼容
 
 	// 余额预警配置
 	BalanceAlertEnabled   bool       `gorm:"default:true" json:"balance_alert_enabled" comment:"是否启用余额预警"`
@@ -41,7 +115,7 @@ type ApiUser struct {
 // IsWhiteListed 校验IP/域名是否在白名单
 func (u *ApiUser) IsWhiteListed(target string) bool {
 	for _, w := range u.WhiteList {
-		if w == target {
+		if w.IPAddress == target {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
@@ -77,7 +151,7 @@ func NewApiUser(userId string, defaultAlertEnabled bool, defaultAlertThreshold f
 		AccessId:              accessId,
 		SecretKey:             secretKey,
 		Status:                ApiUserStatusNormal,
-		WhiteList:             []string{},
+		WhiteList:             WhiteList{},
 		BalanceAlertEnabled:   defaultAlertEnabled,
 		BalanceAlertThreshold: defaultAlertThreshold,
 	}, nil
@@ -90,12 +164,12 @@ func (u *ApiUser) Freeze() {
 func (u *ApiUser) Unfreeze() {
 	u.Status = ApiUserStatusNormal
 }
-func (u *ApiUser) UpdateWhiteList(list []string) {
-	u.WhiteList = list
+func (u *ApiUser) UpdateWhiteList(list []WhiteListItem) {
+	u.WhiteList = WhiteList(list)
 }
 
 // AddToWhiteList 新增白名单项（防御性校验）
-func (u *ApiUser) AddToWhiteList(entry string) error {
+func (u *ApiUser) AddToWhiteList(entry string, remark string) error {
 	if len(u.WhiteList) >= 10 {
 		return errors.New("白名单最多只能有10个")
 	}
@@ -103,27 +177,31 @@ func (u *ApiUser) AddToWhiteList(entry string) error {
 		return errors.New("非法IP")
 	}
 	for _, w := range u.WhiteList {
-		if w == entry {
+		if w.IPAddress == entry {
 			return errors.New("白名单已存在")
 		}
 	}
-	u.WhiteList = append(u.WhiteList, entry)
+	u.WhiteList = append(u.WhiteList, WhiteListItem{
+		IPAddress: entry,
+		AddedAt:   time.Now(),
+		Remark:    remark,
+	})
 	return nil
 }
 
 // BeforeUpdate GORM钩子：更新前确保WhiteList不为nil
 func (u *ApiUser) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 	if u.WhiteList == nil {
-		u.WhiteList = []string{}
+		u.WhiteList = WhiteList{}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // RemoveFromWhiteList 删除白名单项
 func (u *ApiUser) RemoveFromWhiteList(entry string) error {
-	newList := make([]string, 0, len(u.WhiteList))
+	newList := make([]WhiteListItem, 0, len(u.WhiteList))
 	for _, w := range u.WhiteList {
-		if w != entry {
+		if w.IPAddress != entry {
 			newList = append(newList, w)
 		}
 	}
@@ -216,9 +294,9 @@ func (u *ApiUser) Validate() error {
 	if len(u.WhiteList) > 10 {
 		return errors.New("白名单最多只能有10个")
 	}
-	for _, ip := range u.WhiteList {
-		if net.ParseIP(ip) == nil {
-			return errors.New("白名单项必须为合法IP地址: " + ip)
+	for _, item := range u.WhiteList {
+		if net.ParseIP(item.IPAddress) == nil {
+			return errors.New("白名单项必须为合法IP地址: " + item.IPAddress)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -259,7 +337,26 @@ func (c *ApiUser) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) error {
 		c.ID = uuid.New().String()
 	}
 	if c.WhiteList == nil {
-		c.WhiteList = []string{}
+		c.WhiteList = WhiteList{}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// AfterFind GORM钩子：查询后处理数据，确保AddedAt不为零值
+func (u *ApiUser) AfterFind(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+	// 如果 WhiteList 为空，初始化为空数组
+	if u.WhiteList == nil {
+		u.WhiteList = WhiteList{}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// 确保所有项的AddedAt不为零值（处理可能从旧数据迁移的情况）
+	now := time.Now()
+	for i := range u.WhiteList {
+		if u.WhiteList[i].AddedAt.IsZero() {
+			u.WhiteList[i].AddedAt = now
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/domains/api/services/api_user_aggregate_service.go b/internal/domains/api/services/api_user_aggregate_service.go
index 3a39c0f..1ceccd4 100644
--- a/internal/domains/api/services/api_user_aggregate_service.go
+++ b/internal/domains/api/services/api_user_aggregate_service.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package services
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"time"
 	"tyapi-server/internal/config"
 	"tyapi-server/internal/domains/api/entities"
 	repo "tyapi-server/internal/domains/api/repositories"
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 type ApiUserAggregateService interface {
 	CreateApiUser(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string) error
 	UpdateWhiteList(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string, whiteList []string) error
-	AddToWhiteList(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string, entry string) error
+	AddToWhiteList(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string, entry string, remark string) error
 	RemoveFromWhiteList(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string, entry string) error
 	FreezeApiUser(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string) error
 	UnfreezeApiUser(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string) error
@@ -44,16 +45,25 @@ func (s *ApiUserAggregateServiceImpl) UpdateWhiteList(ctx context.Context, apiUs
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	apiUser.UpdateWhiteList(whiteList)
+	// 将字符串数组转换为WhiteListItem数组
+	items := make([]entities.WhiteListItem, 0, len(whiteList))
+	now := time.Now()
+	for _, ip := range whiteList {
+		items = append(items, entities.WhiteListItem{
+			IPAddress: ip,
+			AddedAt:   now, // 批量更新时使用当前时间
+		})
+	}
+	apiUser.UpdateWhiteList(items) // UpdateWhiteList 会转换为 WhiteList 类型
 	return s.repo.Update(ctx, apiUser)
 }
 
-func (s *ApiUserAggregateServiceImpl) AddToWhiteList(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string, entry string) error {
+func (s *ApiUserAggregateServiceImpl) AddToWhiteList(ctx context.Context, apiUserId string, entry string, remark string) error {
 	apiUser, err := s.repo.FindByUserId(ctx, apiUserId)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = apiUser.AddToWhiteList(entry)
+	err = apiUser.AddToWhiteList(entry, remark)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -90,7 +100,6 @@ func (s *ApiUserAggregateServiceImpl) UnfreezeApiUser(ctx context.Context, apiUs
 	return s.repo.Update(ctx, apiUser)
 }
 
-
 func (s *ApiUserAggregateServiceImpl) LoadApiUserByAccessId(ctx context.Context, accessId string) (*entities.ApiUser, error) {
 	return s.repo.FindByAccessId(ctx, accessId)
 }
@@ -100,12 +109,12 @@ func (s *ApiUserAggregateServiceImpl) LoadApiUserByUserId(ctx context.Context, a
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	
+
 	// 确保WhiteList不为nil
 	if apiUser.WhiteList == nil {
-		apiUser.WhiteList = []string{}
+		apiUser.WhiteList = entities.WhiteList{}
 	}
-	
+
 	return apiUser, nil
 }
 
@@ -117,10 +126,10 @@ func (s *ApiUserAggregateServiceImpl) SaveApiUser(ctx context.Context, apiUser *
 	if exists != nil {
 		// 确保WhiteList不为nil
 		if apiUser.WhiteList == nil {
-			apiUser.WhiteList = []string{}
+			apiUser.WhiteList = []entities.WhiteListItem{}
 		}
 		return s.repo.Update(ctx, apiUser)
 	} else {
 		return s.repo.Create(ctx, apiUser)
 	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/internal/infrastructure/http/handlers/api_handler.go b/internal/infrastructure/http/handlers/api_handler.go
index c1c7018..9a9bac2 100644
--- a/internal/infrastructure/http/handlers/api_handler.go
+++ b/internal/infrastructure/http/handlers/api_handler.go
@@ -110,7 +110,10 @@ func (h *ApiHandler) GetUserWhiteList(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	result, err := h.appService.GetUserWhiteList(c.Request.Context(), userID)
+	// 获取查询参数
+	remarkKeyword := c.Query("remark") // 备注模糊查询关键词
+
+	result, err := h.appService.GetUserWhiteList(c.Request.Context(), userID, remarkKeyword)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.logger.Error("获取用户白名单失败", zap.Error(err))
 		h.responseBuilder.BadRequest(c, err.Error())
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ func (h *ApiHandler) AddWhiteListIP(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	err := h.appService.AddWhiteListIP(c.Request.Context(), userID, req.IPAddress)
+	err := h.appService.AddWhiteListIP(c.Request.Context(), userID, req.IPAddress, req.Remark)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.logger.Error("添加白名单IP失败", zap.Error(err))
 		h.responseBuilder.BadRequest(c, err.Error())
diff --git a/internal/shared/pdf/font_manager.go b/internal/shared/pdf/font_manager.go
index 2273463..de4f5b5 100644
--- a/internal/shared/pdf/font_manager.go
+++ b/internal/shared/pdf/font_manager.go
@@ -126,11 +126,11 @@ func (fm *FontManager) tryAddFont(pdf *gofpdf.Fpdf, fontPath, fontName string) b
 			absFontPath = newAbsPath
 		}
 	}
-	
+
 	// 使用filepath.ToSlash统一路径分隔符（Linux下使用/）
 	// 注意：ToSlash不会改变路径的绝对/相对性质，只统一分隔符
 	normalizedPath := filepath.ToSlash(absFontPath)
-	
+
 	// 在Linux下，绝对路径必须以/开头
 	// 如果normalizedPath不是以/开头，说明转换有问题
 	if len(normalizedPath) == 0 || normalizedPath[0] != '/' {
@@ -166,14 +166,14 @@ func (fm *FontManager) tryAddFont(pdf *gofpdf.Fpdf, fontPath, fontName string) b
 		)
 		return false
 	}
-	
+
 	// 记录传递给gofpdf的实际路径
 	fm.logger.Info("添加字体到gofpdf",
 		zap.String("font_path", normalizedPath),
 		zap.String("font_name", fontName),
 		zap.Bool("is_absolute", len(normalizedPath) > 0 && normalizedPath[0] == '/'),
 	)
-	
+
 	pdf.AddUTF8Font(fontName, "", normalizedPath)  // 常规样式
 	pdf.AddUTF8Font(fontName, "B", normalizedPath) // 粗体样式
 
@@ -223,7 +223,6 @@ func (fm *FontManager) getWatermarkFontPaths() []string {
 	return fm.buildFontPaths(fontNames)
 }
 
-
 // buildFontPaths 构建字体文件路径列表（仅从resources/pdf/fonts加载）
 // 返回所有存在的字体文件的绝对路径
 func (fm *FontManager) buildFontPaths(fontNames []string) []string {
diff --git a/internal/shared/pdf/pdf_generator_refactored.go b/internal/shared/pdf/pdf_generator_refactored.go
index f3d4bff..4282672 100644
--- a/internal/shared/pdf/pdf_generator_refactored.go
+++ b/internal/shared/pdf/pdf_generator_refactored.go
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func (g *PDFGeneratorRefactored) generatePDF(product *entities.Product, doc *ent
 	// 这样gofpdf在Output时使用相对路径 app/resources/pdf/fonts 就能正确解析
 
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	
+
 	// 在Output前验证字体文件路径（此时工作目录应该是根目录/）
 	if workDir, err := os.Getwd(); err == nil {
 		// 验证绝对路径
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func (g *PDFGeneratorRefactored) generatePDF(product *entities.Product, doc *ent
 				zap.String("work_dir", workDir),
 			)
 		}
-		
+
 		// 验证相对路径（gofpdf可能使用的路径）
 		fontRelPath := "app/resources/pdf/fonts/simhei.ttf"
 		if relAbsPath, err := filepath.Abs(fontRelPath); err == nil {
@@ -207,14 +207,14 @@ func (g *PDFGeneratorRefactored) generatePDF(product *entities.Product, doc *ent
 				)
 			}
 		}
-		
+
 		g.logger.Debug("准备生成PDF",
 			zap.String("work_dir", workDir),
 			zap.String("resources_pdf_dir", resourcesDir),
 			zap.Bool("work_dir_changed", workDirChanged),
 		)
 	}
-	
+
 	err = pdf.Output(&buf)
 	if err != nil {
 		// 记录详细的错误信息
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ func (g *PDFGeneratorRefactored) generatePDF(product *entities.Product, doc *ent
 		if wd, e := os.Getwd(); e == nil {
 			currentWorkDir = wd
 		}
-		
+
 		// 尝试分析错误：如果是路径问题，记录更多信息
 		errStr := err.Error()
 		if strings.Contains(errStr, "stat ") && strings.Contains(errStr, ": no such file") {
diff --git a/scripts/migrate_whitelist.sql b/scripts/migrate_whitelist.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad33512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/migrate_whitelist.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+-- 白名单数据结构迁移脚本
+-- 将旧的字符串数组格式转换为新的结构体数组格式（包含IP和添加时间）
+-- 
+-- 执行前请备份数据库！
+-- 
+-- 使用方法：
+-- psql -U your_user -d your_database -f migrate_whitelist.sql
+
+-- 开始事务
+BEGIN;
+
+-- 更新 api_users 表中的 white_list 字段
+-- 将旧的字符串数组格式: ["ip1", "ip2"] 
+-- 转换为新格式: [{"ip_address": "ip1", "added_at": "2025-12-04T15:20:19Z"}, ...]
+
+UPDATE api_users
+SET white_list = (
+    SELECT json_agg(
+        json_build_object(
+            'ip_address', ip_value,
+            'added_at', COALESCE(
+                (SELECT updated_at FROM api_users WHERE id = api_users.id),
+                NOW()
+            )
+        )
+    )
+    FROM json_array_elements_text(white_list::json) AS ip_value
+)
+WHERE white_list IS NOT NULL 
+  AND white_list != '[]'::json
+  AND white_list::text NOT LIKE '[{%'  -- 排除已经是新格式的数据
+  AND json_array_length(white_list::json) > 0;
+
+-- 提交事务
+COMMIT;
+
+-- 验证迁移结果（可选）
+-- SELECT id, white_list FROM api_users WHERE white_list IS NOT NULL LIMIT 5;
+
diff --git a/worker b/worker
index 5babb2c..851a8a2 100644
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